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4500 BC: The earliest evidence of homes in North America date from this period

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2600 BC: People begin living in permanent villages in Florida

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AD 1000: The Inuit people see Viking ships and trade with the Vikings

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1492: The Taíno people encounter Christopher Columbus

1493–1550s: Native peoples begin dying from European diseases

1607: The Powhatan Chiefdom fights the newly-founded colony of Virginia

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1778: The U.S.
makes its first treaty with an
American Indian
tribe, the Lenape people

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1790s: American Indian nations unite to fight the U.S. as the country pushes westward

c. 1829:
Geronimo is
born

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1851:
The U.S. creates the
reservation system

1877: The people of the Nez Perce Tribe battle their way across Oregon for their homeland

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1879: Chief Standing Bear argues in court and wins. For the first time, Native Americans are considered “persons” under the law

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1889: Susan La Flesche becomes the first American Indian woman
to graduate from medical school 

1914–1917: More than 12,000 American Indians serve in the U.S. military during WWI

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1924: American Indians are granted
U.S. citizenship

1942: The Code Talkers save American lives during WWII

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1968: Two hundred American Indians meet in Minneapolis to found the American Indian Movement

1978: Native Americans are allowed to freely practice their religion

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2002: John Herrington becomes the
first Native American to fly in space and perform a spacewalk

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2021: Deb Haaland becomes the first Native American to serve as a cabinet secretary