1803:
The United States purchases the
Louisiana Territory from France
1830:
The Indian
Removal Act is signed into law, forcing thousands of Indigenous peoples off their native lands
1845:
Many Irish people move to the U.S. during the Irish Potato Famine
1848:
The California Gold Rush begins
1861-1865:
The American Civil War
1868:
The 14th Amendment grants citizenship to Black Americans
1869:
The Transcontinental Railroad
is completed
1873:
Mark Twain and Charles Dudley
Warner publish the novel The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today
1877:
Standard Oil controls nearly 90 percent of the refining industry in the U.S.
1879:
The first practical light bulb is invented
1883:
Opening of the Brooklyn Bridge
1885:
The Statue of Liberty is shipped from France to New York
1889:
Construction of the Biltmore House
begins
1890:
The Sherman Antitrust Act is passed
1903:
The Wright Brothers fly their first plane
1906:
An earthquake and fire strike San Francisco