Around two billion years ago, an object larger than Mount Everest smashed into the Earth. The impact left a gigantic dent and can be seen near a town called Vredefort in South Africa. This circular dent, or crater, is considered one of the oldest and largest craters in the world. The crater formed when a meteorite, or rock-like object from space, collided with Earth. When the meteorite hit the ground, it exploded and blasted away layers of earth. Eventually, some rock underneath poked out of the middle of the crater. Today, this part is called the Vredefort Dome.

The Sudwala Caves are in Mpumalanga, South Africa, and are some of the oldest known caves in the world. The prehistoric caves are believed to be formed from a rock that is over three billion years old. The cave tunnels are so long that many parts still haven't been discovered. Several passages lead into huge rooms and spaces, similar to what an ant colony might look like underground. Fresh air filters throughout the caves, but scientists don't know where it comes from. Jagged mineral formations are found all over the caves. The ones that hang from the ceiling like icicles are called stalactites, while the ones that shoot up from the floor like candles are called stalagmites.

The Twelve Apostles are a mountain range connected to Table Mountain near Cape Town, South Africa. It offers beautiful scenery of the coastline and giant granite rock formations. The range also has 18 peaks that overlook the Atlantic Ocean. Their names are Kloof, Fountain, Porcupine, Jubilee, Barrier, Valken, Kasteel, Postern, Wood, Spring, Slangolie, Corridor, Separation, Victoria, Grove, Llandudno Peak, Llandudno Corridor, and Hout Bay Corner. Even though there are 18, most people only count 12 peaks because they are more visible. The Victoria Road wraps around the Twelve Apostles like a belt and makes for the perfect coastal drive.

Found in the Blyde River Canyon of Mpumalanga, the Bourke's Luck Potholes are an other-worldly sight. This geological wonder formed after centuries of flowing water. The Blyde River and the Treur River came together, eroding the canyons and sculpting them into circular potholes. From a bird's eye view, it almost looks like an abstract painting, with unique colors and swirling, ring-like shapes. The Bourke's Luck Potholes were named after Tom Bourke, a prospector who was among the first to claim that the area had gold. It turns out, he never found any gold there. But other prospectors, who had better luck, did.